Bee Food

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Bee Food

Food for bees can include sugar syrup, fondant or sugar candy, or honey for carbohydrates. Proteins in the form of pollen or pollen substitute are sometimes fed as well. However, colonies are more likely to need supplemental carbohydrate feeding than protein feeding.

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Homemade sugar candy placed on top of a super in late winter to prevent starvation. Sugar candy is best when it's too cold for bees to take cleansing flights.

Bees can only benefit from sugar (whether fed dry or in the form of syrup or candy) when the colonies are strong, the temperature is warm enough for the bees to break cluster, and—if using sugar candy and dry sugar—there is sufficient moisture.

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There is an old saying in beekeeping circles that if you ask ten beekeepers about feeding bees, you'll get twelve different opinions.
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Feeding DOs and DON'Ts

Do
  • In order to prevent starvation, continue supplemental feeding until the weather changes so that bees are able to forage and there are abundant natural sources of nectar.
  • Step-up management of colonies to prevent swarming in early spring, because sugar syrup will stimulate brood rearing.
Don't
  • Mix vegetable oil in pollen cakes, because the lipids, i.e. fats, in the oil may be harmful to bees.
  • Buy honey from other sources to feed bees or feed honey from colonies that you suspect are diseased.
  • Burn the sugar when making sugar candy. Carmelization can be harmful to bees.
  • Feed the bees high-fructose corn syrup. High-fructose corn syrup produced for human consumption can contain compounds harmful to bees.

Teachers Info